Rehab Beyond Humans: The Current Trends and Challenges in Veterinary Physiotherapy: A Review

Abstract

Numerous studies on the advantages of physical therapy have been published throughout the years, and has long
been employed in human medicine. However, the use of physiotherapy in veterinary medicine is a relatively
recent idea, and the body of research supporting such treatments is still in its infancy. Thus the purpose of this
study is to review different domains and trends in veterinary physiotherapy. Elsevier, Hindawi and Sciencedirect
databases for articles on veterinary physiotherapy were extracted. Various articles were studied and different
techniques were reviewed. Veterinary PT has emerged as a promising tool in rehabilitating animals of various
groups, equines and canines most commonly seen in veterinary PT practice, although agricultural animals such as
cows, sheep, goats, alpacas and companion animals such as cats and rabbits are infrequently referred; with major
studies conducted on equine, canine and feline animals. Electrotherapy emerged as an essential core in success of
animal PT. Hydrotherapy has shown positive results in all animals for various musculoskeletal and neurological
conditions. Dry needling and ballistic stretching are indicated to increase flexibility, strength, endurance and
proprioceptive input to overcome lameness in sporting equines and canines. DME and kinesiotaping improved
thoracolumbar posture and movements respectively in equines. Olfaction training, particularly in dogs, has been
indicated for forensic and CSI assistance. Neurofunctional rehabilitation has shown positive results in SCI rehab
for cats. Orthotics like wheelchair cart are recommended for severely disabled animals. To conclude Veterinary
PT is a growing and promising specialization which requires careful prioritisation and clinical reasoning for
making best treatment plan. Future medical needs, therefore, will make veterinary PT a lucrative and necessary
service across the globe.