Final Push for Leprosy Eradication Through Immunoprophylaxis/Vaccination: Need Versus Evidence

Abstract

The push for leprosy eradication, initiated by the WHO in 1999, aims for a leprosy-free world. Despite the
implementation of multi-drug therapy (MDT), new leprosy cases remain static, particularly in India, which
accounts for a significant percentage of global cases. The long incubation period of M. leprae contributes to
ongoing transmission, necessitating additional strategies beyond MDT. Single dose rifampicin (SDR) has shown
some efficacy in preventing leprosy among contacts but does not protect against multibacillary leprosy. A
promising candidate vaccine, Mycobacterium Indicus Pranii (MIP), has demonstrated significant protective
efficacy in trials, particularly among household contacts, and has immunomodulatory effects while being cost
effective. Given its potential to impact other diseases, including tuberculosis, the MIP vaccine represents a critical
advancement in the fight against leprosy, urging the global community to renew efforts towards eradication.